Exploring fatty acid effects in celiac disease: potential therapeutic avenues

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Background Fatty acids (FAs) play pivotal roles in modulating inflammatory pathways in celiac disease (CD). The present study explored the relationship between serum FAs levels and the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adult and pediatric patients with CD.Methods Serum FA levels in 20 treated CD patients (11 children, 9 adults) and 20 healthy controls (10 children, 10 adults) were analyzed using gas chromatography. Cytokine gene expression (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12, TGFβ, NF-κB) was assessed through quantitative real-time PCR.Results Myristoleic acid levels decreased in children with CD (p = 0.03) but increased in adults (p = 0.04). Elevated IL-6 mRNA expression was found in both pediatric (p = 0.01) and adult (p = 0.04) groups. TNF-α expression was significantly higher in adults (p = 0.01). In children, IL-10 mRNA levels positively correlated with palmitic acid (p = 0.01, r = 0.73), and TGF-β correlated with myristoleic acid (p = 0.03, r = 0.63). In adults, IL-10 positively correlated with dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (p = 0.04, r = 0.68) and negatively with linoleic acid (p = 0.02, r = -0.72). These age-related differences may reflect variations in disease duration, metabolic and developmental factors, dietary intake, and gut microbiota composition.Conclusion These findings suggest that FAs could be therapeutic targets for improving CD management across different age groups.

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