The evaluation of cyclin D1 expression in prostate carcinoma cases

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O ne of the most prevalent malignancies in men, prostate cancer (PCa), is typically a disease of older men, with hormonal variables involved in its pathogenesis [1].In 2020, PCa accounted for 10.6% of all cancers.Less than 25% of the cases are in the advanced stage, with two-thirds in the localized stage.The disease's stage and potential risk factors affect how it is treated.While radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy alone, external beam radiation therapy (RT) with or without brachytherapy, or active surveillance are the basic options for treating PCa in its localized stages, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the cornerstone treatment for PCa with advanced stage.The disease's prognosis depends on the case's sensitivity to ADT.Among the current treatment options are procedures that target androgen pathways in cases of castration-sensitive or androgen-dependent prostate cancer, alternative hormone treatment options such as ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Cyclin D1 (CDDN1) is an important protein for mitotic cell cycle advancement through the G1 phase and contributes to the control of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.We evaluated the relationship between CDDN1 expression and clinicopathological features in prostate cancer (PCa) cases and whether CDDN1 could be used as a prognostic biomarker for PCa cases in this study.METHODS: This study comprised ninety cases; seventy-five had PCa and fifteen had benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) diagnoses (as the control group).The pathological specimens were stained immunohistochemically and categorized as a 'low' (L) or a 'high' (H) group for CDDN1 expression.The cases' clinicopathological features and survival rates were evaluated statistically, within a 95% confidence interval, p<0.05, retrospectively. RESULTS:The median follow-up time was 75 (17-96) months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 87 months (CI 95%: 74.74-99.25).While the OS was 66 months (CI 95%: 49.61-82.38) in the H-CDDN1 group, the OS of the L-CDDN1 group was not yet reached.The OS of the L-CDDN1 group was longer in statistical significance (p=0.011).A Cox regression analysis revealed that the levels of CDDN1 expression, the values of lactate dehydrogenase, and post-treatment prostate specific antigen were found to be prognostic factors for OS in PCa cases (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:Our results suggest the overexpression of CDDN1 is a potentially useful but poor prognostic biomarker for PCa cases.

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