Impact of social determinants of health on rehabilitation service use and outcomes in adults in the USA: a scoping review protocol

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INTRODUCTION: Many Americans fail to receive equitable access to or positive outcomes from rehabilitation services. These disparities result from broader societal inequities that disproportionately affect certain groups of people due to non-medical factors such as race, gender, education and living status. This scoping review aims to describe research papers that examine social determinants of health (SDOH) that underlie disparities in access to, use of, or outcomes related to rehabilitation (in occupational therapy, physical therapy, recreational therapy, rehabilitation medicine/physiatry and speech-language pathology) among adults in the USA. Identifying SDOH-related factors that drive inequities in rehabilitation will inform the development of potential solutions to improve access, professional education and patient outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework will be used to conduct this scoping review. To meet the inclusion criteria, articles will need to be published in English since 2013, be classified as full-length original research, include at least 100 sampled adults, be conducted in the USA or its territories, and investigate SDOH-related disparities in rehabilitation. Search terms will include SDOH, rehabilitation and disparities. Five databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts and Web of Science: Core Collection) will be searched for articles published in English between 2013 and 2023. Records from these databases as well as reference lists of included papers and review papers will be screened for eligibility. Two people will independently review each record during title and abstract screening and full-text screening, and three people will independently extract data. Screening and data extraction processes will be piloted. The results will be presented in tables, graphs and narrative summaries. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences, professional networks, stakeholder meetings, invited workshops and webinars, email listservs of professional associations, academic social media and in a peer-reviewed journal. Ethics approval is not required as the review will only include previously published data.

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