Shufflenetv2UNet: An improved neural network model for grassland sample coverage extraction

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Abstract Accurate extraction of grassland sample coverage is crucial for regional ecological environment monitoring. Due to the strong feature learning capability, high flexibility, and scalability of deep learning methods, they have great potential in grassland sample extraction modelling. However, we still lack a model that can achieve both lightweight structure and effective performance for small object segmentation to considering the small target characteristics of grassland vegetation and the requirements for model deployment in later stages. Here, we combined the UNet model, which performs well in small target segmentation, with the lightweight network Shufflenetv2 model, proposing an improved UNet neural network, Shufflenetv2UNet, for grassland sample coverage extraction. The core of Shufflenetv2UNet is the removal of maximum pooling and double‐layer convolution modules from downsampling in the UNet neural network. In addition, the Inverted Residual Block structure module from Shufflenetv2 was added to achieve a lightweight model and improved extraction accuracy. The Shufflenetv2UNet achieves an accuracy of 98.23%, with a parameter size of 50.74 M, and a model inference speed of 0.004 s. Compared to existing extraction methods, this model has advantages in prediction accuracy, parameter size, and model inference speed. Moreover, Shufflenetv2UNet achieved different types of grassland sample coverage extractions, with good robustness, generalization, and universality, enabling investigators to quickly and accurately obtain grassland sample coverage. This allows more dynamic and accurate ground measurement data for regional grassland environmental monitoring.

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