Clinical and Radiographic Results in Thoracic Hyperkyphosis Surgical Treatment Considering the Optimal Distal Fusion Area

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Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent posterior correction and fusion for thoracic hyperkyphosis, with a focus on determining the optimal distal fusion level. Methods: From 2006 to 2012, 26 patients with a median age of 16.8 years (range 14–25), diagnosed with either idiopathic hyperkyphosis or Scheuermann’s kyphosis, underwent posterior fusion and Ponte osteotomies at two medical centers. Radiographic evaluations were performed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the final follow-up and included assessments of fusion extension, Cobb angle, sagittal balance, and the presence of junctional kyphosis or discopathy. Results: The median follow-up period was 12.3 years (range 11–17). Good clinical outcomes were observed in 24 patients, with no cases of hardware failure. The distal fusion area included the first lordotic vertebra in 17 patients, the sagittal stable vertebra in four patients, and both in five patients. Cobb angle correction was maintained at 50% at the final follow-up (p > 0.05). Significant sagittal balance correction was achieved in 87% of patients immediately postoperatively and was maintained at the final follow-up (p > 0.05). Junctional kyphosis occurred in two patients whose fusion area included only the first lordotic vertebra. Conclusions: Including at least the first lordotic vertebra in the fusion area is crucial for preventing junctional kyphosis. Extending the fusion to the stable vertebra can reduce the incidence of distal junctional kyphosis, especially in symptomatic young adult patients, potentially avoiding the need for revision surgery.

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