Role of CD34, SMA & Ki-67 Immunohistochemistry– An Important Diagnostic Tool in Differentiating Early Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Benign Hepatic Mimickers: A Retrospective Study from North East India

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North East India has higher incidence of cancers than rest of the country& with advent of early screening, Hepatocellular carcinoma is getting detected at an early stage. Core needle biopsies have become indispensible tool for diagnosis of HCC and it is difficult to identify cell thickness in early well-differentiated HCC from benign mimickers on histomorphology. To overcome this difficulty, present study was designed to see the utility of CD 34, SMA & Ki-67 in this regard and also to see role of these markers in differentiating Early well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma from benign hepatic mimickers. 48 FFPE blocks of various lesions of liver were retrieved from Oncopathology Department, BBCI Guwahati in last one year. Cases were divided into Group A (n=28-HCC) Group B (n=20-benign mimickers). IHC CD34, SMA & Ki-67 were done on all cases. Demographic &clinical details with histomorphological findings were correlated. In Group A- 26 out of 28 HCC cases (92.8%), CD34 was strongly, completely & diffusely expressed by sinusoidal vessels with more than 3 cell plate thickness. Group B- In normal liver (10 out of 20), hepatic sinusoids are negative to weak positive for CD34.In 7 out of 20 (35.1%) benign conditions, it is sparsely expressed in capillarized sinusoids at periportal & perinodular area& high-grade dysplastic nodules showed peripheral and focal staining for CD34. Stromal cells are strongly Positive for SMA in 85.7% (group A 24 out of 28). Ki-67 was slightly increased in Group A (6-10%) than in Group B (1-2 %). Our data demonstrates that CD34, SMA & Ki-67 has significant increased expression in early WD HCC as compared to benign mimickers. Hence, CD34, SMA & ki-67 are significant helpful IHC tool for reaching to a definite diagnosis of Early WD HCC when disease is yet at early stage & and ideal for setup where specific markers of malignant hepatic tumors are not available. Thus, immunohistochemical markers essentially expressed in HCC in a specific ...

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