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Accès ouvert déclaré 2024 preprint

Multimuons in cosmic-ray events as seen in ALICE at the LHC

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12Institutions déclarées
2Pays d’affiliation déclarés

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Le résumé fourni par la source

ALICE is a large experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Located 52 meters underground, its detectors are suitable to measure muons produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this paper, the studies of the cosmic muons registered by ALICE during Run 2 (2015–2018) are described.The analysis is limited to multimuon events defined as events with more than four detected muons ($N_{μ}$ > 4) and in the zenith angle range 0° < θ < 50°. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations using three of the main hadronic interaction models describing the air shower development in the atmosphere: QGSJET-II-04, EPOS-LHC, and SIBYLL 2.3d.The interval of the primary cosmic-ray energy involved in the measuredmuon multiplicity distribution is about 4 × 10$^{15}$ < E$_{prim}$ < 6 × 10$^{16}$ eV.In this interval none of the three models is able to describe precisely the trend of the composition of cosmic rays as the energy increases. However,QGSJET-II-04 is found to be the only model capable of reproducing reasonably well the muon multiplicity distribution, assuming a heavy composition of the primary cosmic raysover the whole energy range, while SIBYLL 2.3d and EPOS-LHC underpredict thenumber of muons in a large interval of multiplicity by more than 20% and 30%, respectively.The rate of high muon multiplicity events (Nμ > 100) obtainedwith QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d is compatible with the data, while EPOS-LHC produces a significantly lower rate (55% of the measured rate). For both QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d, the rate is close to the data when the composition is assumed to be dominated by heavy elements, an outcome compatible with the average energy E$_{prim}$ ∼ 10$^{17}$ eV of these events.This result places significant constraints on more exotic production mechanisms.

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Les sujets associés

Muon and positron interactions and applicationsParticle Detector Development and PerformanceParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies

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