Lipid Profile And Body Composition: Comparison In Male And Female Elite Athletes

Le résumé fourni par la source

The practice of a regular physical activity has a favourable effect on cardiovascular health and on reducing atherosclerotic risk. It improves endothelial function and induces changes in plasma lipid levels, determining an increase in HDL-cholesterol and a reduction in non HDL-cholesterol (LDL and VLDL) and triglycerides. According to literature, the lipid profile of professional athletes is significantly better in comparison with populations of same gender and age but with a sedentary behaviour. Regardless of the sport practiced, athletes show lower levels in total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), or higher levels in HDL-cholesterol. PURPOSE: To evaluate the variations in lipid profile and body composition in male and female elite athletes practicing different sports. METHODS: The data were collected during nutrional evaluation of 424 elite athletes (217 men, 207 women; 28 different sports disciplines, stratified according to the principal component of the sport discipline in 4 categories: SKILL, POWER, MIXED SPORTS, ENDURANCE) eligible for the European Games (Krakow 2023). The subjects were examined at the IMSS in Rome, during the period February - June 2023. Each athlete underwent blood tests, dietary survey, anthropometric measurements (according to ISAK standards) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA 101 BIVA PRO, Akern). RESULTS: The statistical analysis of variance shown that there were significant differences in age, height, weight, Phase Angle (only F), Fat Mass % (M and F), and in HDL-C (SKILL < POWER and ENDURANCE, only M), LDL-C (SKILL > POWER, only M), as described in the table. - SKILL (SK) POWER (PO) MIXED (MIX) ENDURANCE (EN) ANOVA BONFERRONI POST HOC TEST Age (y) M 28.0 ± 8.3 23.1 ± 3.7 25.1 ± 4.9 26.1 ± 4.2 0.001 SK > PO (p < 0.0001) F 24.2 ± 6 24.3 ± 4.1 25.9 ± 5.0 25.4 ± 3.5 0.144 - Height (cm) M 176.4 ± 5.4 178.9 ± 7.1 185.5 ± 9.2 180.3 ± 5.6 <0.0001 MIX >SK(p < 0.0001); MIX > PO (p < 0.0001); MIX > EN (p = 0.001) F 166.7 ± 5.9 169.4 ± 8.2 170.7 ± 6.9 167.1 ± 4.7 0.002 MIX > EN (p = 0.003) Weight (kg) M 76.8 ± 13.6 78.4 ± 17.7 85.1 ± 9.7 76.4 ± 8.8 <0.0001 MIX > SK (p = 0.001); MIX > EN (p = 0.001) F 61.7 ± 8.5 65.2 ± 14.2 67.5 ± 8.5 61.1 ± 5.7 <0.0001 MIX > EN (p = 0.001); MIX > EN (p = 0.007) BMI M 24.6 ± 3.8 24.3 ± 4.1 24.7 ± 2.2 23.5 ± 2.1 0.155 - F 22.3 ± 3.1 22.5 ± 3.3 23.1 ± 1.9 21.9 ± 1.6 0.054 - PA (°) M 7.4 ± 0.6 7.7 ± 0.6 7.6 ± 0.6 7.7 ± 0.5 0.065 - F 6.7 ± 0.6 6.9 ± 0.6 6.8 ± 0.5 7.1 ± 0.5 0.001 EN > SK (P < 0.001)- FM ** (%) M 15.6 ± 8.7 10.5 ± 5.4 11.9 ± 3.3 8.8 ± 1.8 <0.0001 SK > PO (p < 0,0001); SK > MIX (p = 0,001); SK > EN (p < 0,0001); MIX > EN (p = 0,008) F 24.0 ± 5.9 20.1 ± 2.9 21.9 ± 3.7 18.6 ± 2.2 <0.0001 SK > PO (p < 0,0001); SK > EN (p < 0,0001); MIX > EN (p < 0,0001) TC * M 4.48 ± 0.82 4.27 ± 0.77 4.44 ± 0.70 4.39 ± 0.70 0.597 - F 4.78 ± 0.93 4.66 ± 0.73 4.55 ± 0.66 4.83 ± 0.74 0.226 - HDL-C * M 1.53 ± 0.33 1.68 ± 0.31 1.55 ± 0.30 1.69 ± 0.42 0.017 SK < PO (p = 0.03); SK < EN (p = 0.05) F 1.95 ± 0.42 1.91 ± 0.39 1.94 ± 0.39 2.03 ± 0.39 0.670 - LDL-C * M 2.55 ± 0.70 2.25 ± 0.62 2.48 ± 0.62 2.26 ± 0.55 0.039 SK > PO (p = 0.05) F 2.45 ± 0.68 2.42 ± 0.58 2.25 ± 0.49 2.47 ± 0.61 0.133 - TG * M 0.87 ± 0.42 0.74 ± 0.34 0.89 ± 0.43 0.95 ± 0.84 0.340 - F 0.83 ± 0.35 0.73 ± 0.25 0.79 ± 0.32 0.71 ± 0.31 0.301 - M = Male; F = Female; **skinfolds, Evans equation; * = mmol/l CONCLUSION: The lipid profile of all athletes examined was optimal according to 2001 ATP-III guidelines of the NCEP. The differences found in anthropometric and body composition values depend on the different sport categories to which they belong. Practicing any sports allows to mantain optimal metabolic parameters and a low cardiovascular risk.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.