Novel Microbial Techniques for Pollutant Environment

Résumé fourni par la source

The technological vision and the scientific challenges with validation in the field of environmental remediation are vast and wide-ranging with the development of innovative techniques. In recent decades, the biosphere has experienced an increase in the concentration of a variety of environmental contaminants, including pathogenic microbes, organic and heavy metals, volatile organic carbon, antibiotics, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Remediation is highly concerned with the removal of various chemical wastes and physically hazardous materials from the environment through the degradation, eradication, immobilization, or detoxification and action of microorganisms. Pollutant-degrading microbes are naturally present in polluted, contaminated sites, and their growth and metabolic activities may vary depending on pollutant type and concentration. Environmental contaminants are eliminated utilizing a variety of strategies, including surface assimilation, absorption, synthetic processes, catalysis using light, and filtering. Enzymatic metabolic pathways of microbes help in accelerating the biochemical processes for ease in pollutant degradation. Green synthesis is required to develop dependable, long-lasting, and environment-friendly manufacturing processes in order to prevent the production of unwanted or hazardous by-products. Natural resources and appropriate solvent systems are needed to achieve this goal. Metallic nanoparticles are produced sustainably to accommodate various biological components because they contain a variety of enzymes and are more environmentally friendly ways to create metal-based nanoparticles. Enhancing bioremediation capability through the systematic use of genetically engineered microorganisms is a promising approach. This is due to the fact that a designer biocatalyst target pollutant, including resistant substances, can be created by fusing new and effective metabolic pathways, expanding the substrate range of current pathways, and enhancing the stability of catabolic activity. Recombinant DNA technology has been utilized to control the expression of a few plant-specific genes to improve metabolism and tolerance to heavy metals. However, parallel gene transfer and GEM multiplication in environmental applications are promising approaches. Nanomaterials have higher surface areas and lower activation energies than macroscale materials, which result in faster bioremediation processes and higher biogeological and chemical reactivity, which reduce the toxicity of pollutants to microorganisms. This chapter emphasizes more on remediation techniques with involvement of microbial enzymes, rDNA and nanomaterial, their principles, advantages, limitations, and future prospects for dealing with environment pollutant.

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