A Simulated Tracheostomy Tube Change Educational Intervention to Promote Competency Among Novice Healthcare Professionals: A Repeated Measures Study

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Objective: To evaluate an educational intervention to promote confidence, knowledge, and skills in tracheostomy tube change among nursing students. Methods: The study, conducted at the at the Johns Hopkins Center for Immersive Learning and Digital Innovation, enrolled nursing students without prior experience in tracheostomy tube change. The intervention included a pre-recorded presentation, faculty demonstrations with a Tracheostomy Care Training Simulation Model, and participant practice demonstrating skills. Primary outcomes included confidence, knowledge, and competency with tracheostomy tube changes. Secondary outcomes included number of attempts required to achieve competency and time required per attempt. The study followed STROBE guidelines with repeated measure design. Results: Participants in the study (n=50) had a mean age of 30 years, were predominantly female (83%) with a bachelor's degree (76%), most often in the third semester of nursing school (45%). Participants showed a mean improvement of 3.58 points out of five (SD: 0.56, P<0.001) across 11 pre- and post-test items. Every confidence assessment improved, with the largest increase in assessing tube placement. Knowledge assessments improved across all eight test items in the first test-retest interval, showing an improvement of 1.14 points out of five (SD: 0.89, P<0.001). Competency assessment improved in the first test-retest interval of 1.01 points out of five (SD: 0.65, P<0.001). On serial assessments, time to complete tracheostomy tube change decreased from 2.39 to 0.60 minutes. Faculty deemed 95% of participants competent after only one skill testing iteration. Conclusion: An educational intervention, combining digital presentations with interactive faculty-led simulations and practical skill assessments, successfully elevated nursing students' confidence, knowledge, and competency in tracheostomy tube changes.

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