Examining the use of complementary and alternative medicine among older persons in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria: a qualitative study

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BACKGROUND: Despite the popularity of complementary and alternative medicine among older persons, its use within this subpopulation is still not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of older persons residing in communities in Ebonyi State as pertains the use of complementary and alternative medicine. METHODS: Qualitative data collection was by focus group discussions (FGDs), in four communities, two urban and two rural, in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. A total of 12 FGDs involving 96 participants, each consisting of 8 males or females respectively were conducted using a synthesized FGD guide. A thematic analysis of data was performed with the aid of NVivo software. RESULT: The Leventhal's self-regulatory model (SRM) was utilised as it provides a flexible framework for understanding the use of complementary and alternative medicine among older persons. Majority of the participants expressed belief in the inherent benefits of complementary and alternative medicine, which were categorized into medical and non-medical reasons. Febrile illness, including malaria, typhoid fever, and hepatitis; respiratory; haematological; and dermatological conditions were reported as the common health conditions for which participants used CAM. Additionally, participants mentioned using CAM for chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and arthritis, as well as for general health promotion and wellbeing. Preference for CAM was influenced by belief in its effectiveness, perceived lower cost when compared to conventional treatments, delays in hospital diagnoses and treatments, and belief in the spiritual origins of diseases. Safety concerns regarding CAM use included a lack of information on dosing, directions for safe use, and potential side effects. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a strong belief among participants in the benefits of complementary and alternative medicine which they believe offer both medical and non-medical advantages. However, despite these perceived benefits, safety concerns were also raised by some participants. Efforts to promote education and awareness about CAM, improve access to reliable information, and ensure the safe and effective use of CAM therapies are crucial for supporting the health and well-being of older persons who choose to incorporate CAM into their healthcare practices.

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