Optimized Fertilization’s Beneficial Impact on Soil Nutrient Levels and Its Influence on the Principal Agronomic Traits of Maize

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Abstract The soil nutrients, main agronomic indexes, and key yield factors during the maize growth period were studied by using a nutrient expert system to recommend optimal fertilization. The results showed that the fertilizer application had a significant impact on the growth and yield formation of maize, especially the N fertilizer application. N deficiency in maize seriously affected the yield and its component factors, while P and K deficiency had no significant effect on decreasing maize yield. The optimized fertilization treatment (NE) significantly reduced the bald tip length and increased the ear length and the yield of maize by 10.2% compared with the conventional fertilization treatment (FP). NE significantly increased the utilization rate of N, P, and K in maize, which was 20.1%, 12.4%, and 45.4% higher than that of FP. The trend of fertilizer N deficiency was opposite to NE, but P and K deficiency were not obvious. Compared with FP, soil organic matter of NE did not change significantly, and the pH value was increased. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were decreased by 51.9% and 3.9%, respectively. A significant correlation between maize yield and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, organic matter. In conclusion, the optimized fertilization treatment had obvious effects on the growth indicators and yield components of maize, improving the fertilizer utilization rate, and providing technical support for rational fertilization of maize.

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