Cognitive Mode Detectable with Task-Based fMRI: Language (LAN)

Le résumé fourni par la source

In the context of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), cognitive modes can be defined as task-general cognitive/sensory/motor processes which reliably elicit specific blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal pattern configurations. A number of cognitive modes are detectable with task-based fMRI, and here we focus on language (LAN). The BOLD signal configurations associated with LAN are modulated by a range of tasks, and here we present six. For each task, we report: (1) specific pattern-based (as opposed to coordinate-based) anatomical details essential for distinguishing LAN from other BOLD-based cognitive modes, and (2) task-induced BOLD signal changes associated with LAN over a range of task conditions. In order to facilitate recognition, we nick-named the anatomical patterns specific to LAN as follows: (1) Tears Blown Leftwards/Eyebrows, (2) Rail Shot Coronal, (3) Rail Shot Axial, and (4) Disappearing Face. Evidence for LAN was derived from the timing and magnitude of task-induced BOLD signal changes induced by the following tasks: two lexical decision tasks, metrical stress, noun/verb discrimination, semantic association, and facial emotion discrimination. The evidence consistently supports that the LAN includes both activation and suppression depending on the linguistic information processing required to achieve the task goals, as well as possible extension to non-verbal communication.

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