The Use of Carbon Fiber Restricted Access Material for Cadmium Determination in Milk Whey

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Abstract Considered one of the most consumed foods in the world, milk has many nutritional properties healthily to human. The toxic elements in milk can come from environmental sources such as the area where livestock are confined, as well as food and water. In addition, milk can be contaminated during and after ordering, in the industrialization process or, during transport and packaging. Whey is often discarded in the manufacture of milk, however some applications of this by-product can be useful, and among the advantages is the reduction of waste generation, thus becoming an environmentally correct action. In this work, an FIA-FAAS system was proposed using activated carbon fibers (ACF) modified with albumin forming Restricted Access Material (ACF-RAM) and using this material as an adsorbent in SPE, for determination of cadmium in whey. The abbreviation adopted for this method was FIA-SPE-ACF-RAM-FAAS. The RAM possibility the directed introduction of the whey samples to the system without any prior treatment because only ions could be adsorbed into ACS, the bigger molecules, e.g. proteins, were discarded to waste during the process. The FIA system was optimized by chemometric tools such as Factorial Design and Doehlert Matrix. The Limit of Detection was 0.24 µg L-1 and the Limit of Quantification was 0.81 µg L-1. The method was applied to a whey sample, the precision checked through Relative Standard Deviation was always less than 5.0 %. The accuracy was verified through the spiked sample and recovery were between 95% and 105%.

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