Characteristics associated with parental vaccine hesitancy in the Black community

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Background and Objectives: The World Health Organization has urgently declared vaccine hesitancy among the top 10 threats to global public health. This is a pressing issue, especially in the Black community, where there is limited data on the characteristics associated with parental vaccine hesitancy. Healthcare providers must urgently identify and categorize the most common parental characteristics and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Once characterized, parental patient subgroups can be established by targeting parent groups as candidates for inclusion in future public health programs to reduce vaccine hesitancy. Future program inclusion may increase vaccination rates and improve vaccine adherence in previously non-compliant, vaccine-hesitant parents. Methods: A literature review was performed in conjunction with data from the National Immunization Surveys to determine the major categories of parental vaccine hesitancy. Race was examined as a social determinant of health to determine the reasons and characteristics of Black parents' vaccine hesitancy. Results: The literature suggests that the reasons for parental vaccine hesitancy for those in the Black community are unique and differ from those in the general population. Notable categories involving parental vaccine hesitancy in the Black community include but are not limited to patient-provider interactions, collective community biases regarding vaccines and medical mistrust, the impact of provider implicit bias, and the lack of racial and ethnic providers. These unique aspects require specific attention and targeted interventions. Conclusions: Vaccine hesitancy is a growing public health crisis, creating an upsurge in preventable diseases and is at least partially due to vaccine hesitant parents. To address vaccine hesitancy in the Black community, future studies should focus on the impact of implicit racial bias against children in pediatric health care, understanding the underlying reasons and incorporating engagement in the Black community, ideally in randomized controlled trials. Future research studies that identify specific reasons contributing to vaccine hesitancy, such as misinformation, structural systemic barriers, and historical mistrust may become valuable in creating sustainable interventions to promote vaccine education and develop collaborations aimed at those most impacted by vaccine hesitancy.--Author's abstract

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