Pulmonary passage of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells through intravenous transplantation in mouse model

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Importance: The intravenous administration of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) in veterinary medicine is an attractive treatment option.On the other hand, it can result in severe complications, including pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).Objective: The present study assessed the occurrence of PTE after the intravenous infusion of canine AdMSCs (cAdMSCs) into experimental animals.Methods: Five-week-old male BALB/c hairless mice were categorized into groups labeled A to G.In the control group (A), fluorescently stained 2 × 10 6 cAdMSCs were diluted in 200 μL of suspension and injected into the tail vein as a single bolus.The remaining groups included the following: group B with 5 × 10 6 cells, group C with 3 × 10 6 cells, group D with 1 × 10 6 cells, group E with 1 × 10 6 cells injected twice with a one-day interval, group F with 2 × 10 6 cells in 100 μL of suspension, and group G with 2 × 10 6 cells in 300 μL of suspension.Results: Group D achieved a 100% survival rate, while none of the subjects in groups B and C survived (p = 0.002).Blood tests revealed a tendency for the D-dimer levels to increase as the cell dose increased (p = 0.006).The platelet count was higher in the low cell concentration groups and lower in the high cell concentration groups (p = 0.028).A histological examination revealed PTE in most deceased subjects (96.30%).Conclusions and Relevance: PTE was verified, and various variables were identified as potential contributing factors, including the cell dose, injection frequency, and suspension volume.

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