Diversity of Cellulolytic Bacteria in Soils Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequençing Analysis in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

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The study was aimed to isolate bacteria from different soil samples and phenotypically characterize the bacterial isolates. Subsequently, selected isolates were tested for their ability to produce cellulolytic enzymes and molecularly identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Four sites each constituting a sampling point were sampled in Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo. pH measurement, Enumeration, phenotypic and16S rRNA gene molecular characterization as well as cellulolytic potential of isolates were performed. The pH whose values vary between 6.5 and 7 was measured. From the basic classical techniques of microbiology, the total aerobic mesophilic flora on Plate Count Agar (PCA) medium in CFU / g at 102 gave values between 12 ± 4.3 to 22.65 ± 7 and the bacteria of the genus Bacillus on Mossel, values between 16.5 ± 0.7 to 20.5 ± 2.1. Bacteria in the form Cocci and bacillus, gram negative and gram positive, all catalase positive were obtained. Out of a total of 84 isolates phenotypically characterized in this study: 10 isolates were molecularly identified, but only 4 were submitted to the GenBanck database whose accession numbers for each strain are as follows: Pantoea dispersa MLTBY6 (MT646430.1); Pseudomonas aeruginosa MLTBM2 (MT646431.1); Bacillus subtilis MLTBC5 (MT674681.1) and Pseudomonas monteilii MLTBC10 (MT674682.1). The phylogenetic classification inferred with MEGA.7 clearly show the bacterial diversity of the studied soils. The search for bacteria with cellulolytic potential in the soil opens a door for the production of cellulolytic enzymes for industrial production. This study, which provides an overview of the microbiological diversity of soil samples in Brazzaville, was to be extended to the whole city of Brazzaville, as well as to other cities in the country. This will open up prospects for new approaches to identification using targeted meta-genomics.

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