CT-based measurement and analysis of distal humerus morphology in healthy adults from Northern China

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Abstract Background This study utilized computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to investigate the morphological characteristics of the distal humerus in healthy adults from northern China, and compared whether there were differences in populations distal humeral data from different geographical areas. Methods 80 standard CT images of the distal humerus were selected from the hospital's image archiving system and analysed using Mimics software. The differences in geometric and morphological parameters of the distal humerus between sexes and sides were compared, and whether there was a correlation between each parameter was investigated. The geometric and morphological parameters of the distal humerus were compared between Western and Chinese populations based on current and previous pooled results. Results 31 morphological parameters were measured and analysed in this study. On the whole, in the morphological parameters section, the mean and standard deviation of capitellum depth, capitellum width and capitellum height were 10.83 ± 1.18 mm, 17.60 ± 2.06 mm and 21.10 ± 2.03 mm, respectively. The mean of distal humerus width and humeral metaphyseal width were 44.38 ± 4.07 mm and 58.95 ± 4.86 mm. The trochlear groove high and trochlear widthwere 16.63 ± 1.96 mm and 26.78 ± 2.96 mm. The humeral axis angle, medial crest coronal tangential angle, lateral crest coronal tangential angle, medial crest sagittal tangential angle, lateral crest sagittal tangential angle was 86.22 ± 3.27°, 43.05 ± 7.53°, 16.03 ± 7.32°, 7.52 ± 11.00° and 37.31 ± 9.10° , respectively. This study shows that all morphological parameters of the distal humerus are significantly higher in males than in females, with the exception of the trochlear offset distance. The gender differences in the angle parameters in this study were insignificant. The capitellum width (r = -0.300, P < 0.01), anterior lateral trochlear depth (r =-0.227, P< 0.05), medial crest coronal tangential angle (r = 0.307, P<0.01), olecranon fossa volume (r = -0.408, P <0.01), olecranon fossa surface area (r = -0.345, P< 0.01) and coronoid fossa surface area (r = -0.279, P<0.05) were significantly correlated with the age of the subjects. The capitellum height (P < 0.001*), lateral trochlear high (P < 0.001*), trochlear groove high (P < 0.001*), trochlear depth (P < 0.001*) and medial trochlear high (P < 0.001*) were smaller in the Chinese population compared with the Western people, while capitellum width (P < 0.001 *) and capitellum depth (P < 0.001 *) were more prominent. Conclusion This research aims to serve as a reference for diagnosing and classifying distal humeral diseases, designing orthopedic implants, improving surgical quality and guiding patient recovery.

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