0234 Wearable-derived Temperature Measured During Sleep Allows Menstrual Cycle Study at Different Reproductive Stages

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Abstract Introduction Numerous physiological processes display menstrual cycle variations, including body temperature. The advances in quality and accessibility of wearables facilitate collecting time series of physiological data, including skin temperature during sleep. The cosinor method, frequently used in circadian rhythms biology, may be a useful tool to assess if a menstrual cycle is ovulatory, based on a biphasic temperature rhythm. It could also be used to derive metrics about the cycle, in turn allowing the investigation of rhythm characteristics of females at different reproductive stages. Methods Here, 67 females in the early reproductive (age: 25.5 ± 5.4 years (mean ± SD)) and 53 females in the late reproductive/menopausal transition (age: 47 ± 2.9 years) stages tracked sleep and temperature with an Oura ring 2 across a menstrual cycle. They also reported menses and used an ovulation kit that detects a rise in luteinizing hormone. A cosinor method was fitted to daily skin temperature points extracted during the sleep period, and the fit quality was compared with the ovulation kits results. The cycle metrics were extracted and compared between the two groups with Wilcoxon tests. Results With the cosinor method, a cycle was considered ovulatory when the fit had a r2 > .25, a method that agreed with the ovulation kit in 82% of cases. When the fit quality was r2 > .4, the model was considered sufficiently good to calculate derived metrics. There was no difference in the fit quality, acrophase relative to menses, or amplitude of the rhythm between the early and late reproductive/menopausal transition groups. However, the latter had a higher mesor compared with the early reproductive stage group (p = 0.03). Conclusion The cosinor method can be used to model not only circadian but also menstrual rhythms, allowing identification of ovulatory cycles, and derivation of metrics about menstrual cycle rhythms that can be used to track characteristics within and between individuals over time. The overall higher skin temperature rhythms found in the late reproductive/early menopausal transition group could reflect shifted temperature regulation and more heat dissipation during this stage. Support (if any) National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant RF1AG061355 (Baker/Mednick)

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