Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Occult Hepatitis B Virus (OBI) in Hemodialysis Patients: An Epidemiological Observational Study in Kerman, Iran (2022-2023)

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Background and Aim: Viral infections are associated with augmented morbidity and mortality risk in Hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods:In this investigation, we have scrutinized the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), in HD patients.In this cross-sectional study, the blood samples and data from 200 hemodialysis patients referred to a dialysis center in Kerman, from January 2022 to March 2023 were collected.Anti-HBV antibodies and HBs Ag were analyzed in the specimens using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).All samples were tested for OBI by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.Results: Of the 200 patients considered, 4 (2%) for HBs Ag were positive.Real-time PCR demonstrated OBI in 2 (1%) patients.The majority presence of viral infection was in the age group 50≥ years, self-employment, low education level, and diabetic patients.Furthermore, our study revealed that a higher percentage of HD patients were associated with low educational levels, self-employment, urban residence, and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension.Conclusion: In this study, HBV antigen prevalence was 2%, and OBI prevalence was 1%, indicating a low HBV incidence in HD patients.Our study underscores the importance of lifestyle improvement, increased awareness among lower-educated and lower-skilled individuals, and rigorous disinfection practices in managing risk factors for hemodialysis patients, including HBV and OBI.

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