Authorship Inflation in Radiologic and Medical Publications: The Effects of Publish or Perish

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T he number of authors of studies published in medi- cal journals has increased significantly over time.As early as 1969, Diamond (1) reported an "explosion" in the number of original articles published by multiple authors in the New England Journal of Medicine between 1928 and 1968.During that period, publications with a single author decreased from almost 80% in 1928 to around 3% in 1968 (1).In the years and decades that followed, other studies reported an increase in the number of original research articles by multiple authors published in medical journals (2,3).Several factors have been proposed to explain this increase in the number of authors of articles in medical journals, including an increase in collaboration between researchers, overlap between different fields of research, and the increased complexity of medical research.This complexity of medical research can be explained by clinical trials that include larger cohorts, often multi-institutional or multicenter.The evolution and increasing complexity of statistical methods requires the participation of more statisticians.The growth in the field of artificial intelligence involves the participation of researchers who are trained and specialize in this field.However, many observers have the impression that the number of authors is increasing in an inflationary manner rather than is being justified by the increased complexity of research.Therefore, the possibility of unwarranted authors has also been considered (4).In 2011, Eisenberg et al (4) demonstrated that among 392 first authors who responded to their survey, the respondents perceived a 26.0%rate of unwarranted authorship in their original research articles.A total of 58.9% of respondents reported having at least one author who had performed only "nonauthor" tasks according to standard criteria (4).In these conditions, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has developed and

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