Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin regulation protects the survival of tissue-resident mast cells

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Abstract Actin network dynamics are pivotal in governing the motility and effector functions of immune cells. The Arp2/3 complex is a key regulator of actin filament branching, with mutations in its subunits being linked with human immunodeficiencies. While known for its role in phagocytosis and cell migration, our study uncovers a critical role of the Arp2/3 complex in safeguarding the tissue residency of mast cells (MCs), essential immune cells in allergies, venom detoxification and antigen-specific avoidance. Mechanistically, we show that MCs require Arp2/3-regulated actin filament assembly to resist their integrin-mediated mechano-coupling with their tissue niche. Arp2/3 complex depletion directs MCs into cell cycle arrest and death, which can be rescued by inhibiting their mechanical interactions with extracellular matrix. Our findings underscore the Arp2/3 complex as a mechano-protective element for maintaining MC survival and longevity in tissues, highlighting the importance of actin regulation in preserving the homeostasis of a tissue-resident immune cell population. One Sentence Summary Arp2/3 complex protects the tissue homeostasis of resident mast cell networks

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