Exploring the Link between Altitude of Residence and Smoking Patterns in the United States
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Le résumé fourni par la source
Introduction: Smoking-related diseases affect 16 million Americans, causing approximately 480,000 deaths annually. The prevalence of cigarette smoking varies regionally across the United States, and previous research indicates that regional rates of smoking-related diseases demonstrate a negative association with altitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between altitude and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by county (N = 3106) in the United States. We hypothesized that smoking prevalence among adults would be negatively associated with mean county altitude. Methods: A multivariate linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between county-level mean altitude and county smoking rate. Covariates were individually correlated with 2020 smoking data, and significant associations were included in the final model. Results: The multivariate linear regression indicated that the county-level smoking rates are significantly reduced at high altitudes (p < 0.001). The model accounted for 89.5% of the variance in smoking prevalence, and for each 1000-foot increase in altitude above sea level, smoking rates decreased by 0.143%. Based on multivariate linear regression, the following variables remained independently and significantly associated: race, sex, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, unemployment, physical inactivity, drinking behavior, mental distress, and tobacco taxation. Conclusions: Our results indicate that smoking rates are negatively associated with altitude, which may suggest that altitude affects the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanistic pathways involved in cigarette use. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between altitude and smoking and how altitude may serve as a protective factor in the acquisition and maintenance of tobacco use disorders.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Exploring the Link between Altitude of Residence and Smoking Patterns in the United States
- Date Crossref
- 14/02/2024
- Éditeur
- MDPI AG
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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University of Utah Department of Psychiatry pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Mayo Clinic Department of Psychiatry and Psychology pays non établi dans la noticeÉtablissement de santé
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WinnMed pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisation à but non lucratif
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Intermountain Healthcare pays non établi dans la noticeÉtablissement de santé
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Education and Clinical Centers Mental Illness Research pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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Oncology Clinical Trials Intermountain Health pays non établi dans la noticeÉtablissement de santé
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Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research pays non établi dans la noticeÉtablissement de santé
Department of Psychiatry — University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology — Mayo Clinic et WinnMed, avec 4 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.