Stimulants: Drugs That Make Us High

Le résumé fourni par la source

Chapter 9 describes the history of stimulant use beginning with the chewing of coca leaves thousands of years ago to the synthesis of amphetamine in the late 19th century. A discussion about the differences and similarities among stimulants, most notably cocaine and amphetamine, includes a description of the similarities between all stimulants and endogenous neurotransmitters. Synthetics drugs (MDMA) and plant-based (khat) stimulants, such as cathinones and bath salts are discussed as are more common stimulants such as cocaethylene (formed when alcohol is also present), amphetamine, cocaine and xanthines (from coffee). The absorption, distribution elimination and neurochemistry of stimulants are each discussed, as are the biobehavioral effects and medical consequences of acute and chronic stimulant use. The effects of various stimulants on brain mesolimbic dopamine and norepinephrine are explained as well. The chapter ends with a brief introduction to forensic issues related to stimulant use.

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