The SHAPE of Research Impact

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The SHAPE of Research Impact avoid financial crises.Research changed institutional practices and financial market research and was picked up in myriad of ways by pension funds and asset management firms.Another key focus was research protecting consumers through smart regulation of markets and legal safeguards as well as research improving development interventions and international aid. EmploymentResearch led to changes in workers' rights, conditions and wellbeing and fostered workplace improvements for both employees and employers.It impacted pay and labour law regulations as well as access to workplaces and rights protections for disabled individuals, minorities, and vulnerable groups.Researchers sought to develop ways to improve justice within the workplace as well as efficiency in market regulation, taxation and benefit schemes. Crime and ExclusionImpact in this theme focused on crime reduction, policing, the criminal justice and prison systems, fighting hate crime, reducing substance abuse, preventing torture and protecting human rights. Family and GenderThis included examples where researchers used evidence to help vulnerable families, change regulations to protect children and mothers, and provide evidence-based care and education for children both within the family setting and in social care.Research influenced charitable and state organizations providing social services and influenced family policies with the goal of child and family wellbeing.Efforts included the strengthening of rights for children, victims of domestic abuse as well as the protection of reproductive rights. Governance and LawCase studies in this theme improved governance, regulations, and legislation in both the international arena as well as domestically, with a focus on media, human rights, political processes and NGO activities.Impact strengthened civil society, civic norms and democracy to prevent political violence, conflict, and marginalisation.This also included providing expertise to complex regulatory and legal questions, including work on the UK's departure from the European Union and its effects on trade and immigration, as well as on cybersecurity, privacy and data. Health and WellbeingThis theme spanned impact from sports and nutritional science to managerial and technological innovation in treatment that improved the efficiency of the National Health Service.It included diagnosis and behavioural-led interventions that improved care, support and therapeutics for specific diseases, alongside other novel approaches to support neurodiverse and physically disabled individuals.Humanities, design and arts inspired approaches to healthcare and therapeutics were integral to many projects.Research also informed policy and funding for health services as well as the training and support of healthcare professionals. Sustainability and InfrastructureImpact case studies within this theme show how researchers developed tools and policies that changed regulations related to sustainability, ecosystems and biodiversity, carbon 7The SHAPE of Research Impact reduction, net zero, energy management, green energy supply, climate change mitigation, sustainable agriculture, and food supply.This theme also included impacts on the design and development of built infrastructure and road improvement, urban planning, disaster management, and housing.ICS submissions were first assigned to topics according to which topic they had the highest probability of belonging to according to the language model generated by artificial intelligence.This assignment was then manually verified by two independent researchers to further enhance the algorithm-generated mapping based on language proximity, to more adequately reflect a mapping based on the human interpretation of meanings.We recognise that any method that reduces complex material into typologies masks nuance, and note that in many instances, impact case studies often span multiple themes. Key findings SHAPE impact occurs across many disciplines and realms of society.Impact that has been influenced by SHAPE research penetrated virtually all scientific disciplines and realms including technological, industrial, health and environmental impact.Impact ranged from developing new technologies and spinouts to changing policies, legislation, and international regulations; from reviving regional and local economies to preserving and expanding a rich cultural, literary and artistic heritage.Public knowledge was increased, perceptions and behaviours were changed, and regulations and policies were introduced across a range of settings, including teachers employing better pedagogical tools, improvement of consumer protection in diverse markets, encouraging communities to celebrate their heritage, and reduction of energy costs through better grid management and environmentally sound buildings and behaviour. SHAPE research and impact is highly inter-and multi-disciplinary. Scientometric analysisof the research underpinning ICSs in SHAPE Units of Assessment and their disciplinary 'tagging' within the REF2021 database revealed that it was both highly multidisciplinary (draws knowledge from different disciplines but stays within their boundaries) and interdisciplinary (synthesises and harmonises disciplines into a coherent whole).Cooperation occurred most often in closely related fields, but with considerable novel collaboration across SHAPE with disciplines in medical sciences and other STEM fields.We frequently found underpinning research for SHAPE impact in Mathematics, Biomedical Science, and Information Technology.Multidisciplinarity was also notable between less traditional combinations spanning SHAPE and STEM when observed at an aggregated level of disciplinary groups.For social sciences, there is evidence of multidisciplinarity with the physical sciences, while for the humanities multidisciplinarity was observed with medical sciences.The technique employed highlights core topics and themes for SHAPE and does not set out to explicitly compare SHAPE with STEM.Nevertheless, simple Grade Point Average calculations reveal no substantive difference in assessed quality between Panels or Units of Assessment.Beneficiaries of research were concentrated in the UK but span a global geographical context.The UK was the most prominent beneficiary in the humanities (Panel D), social sciences (Panel C), and Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Unit of Assessment 4).Most impact was centred on beneficiaries in the UK, Western Europe, the United States, and Australia.International impact was also concentrated in certain areas such as China and India.The geographical distribution of impact varies substantially by research area, and, importantly, the geography of beneficiaries should not be conflated with the 'reach' of impact.The varied geographical impact is underpinned by particularly strong and direct impact in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, where much local impact was achieved as further evidenced by our wide-ranging set of qualitative interviews.The SHAPE of Research Impact SHAPE funding within UKRI is found to be supporting a considerable proportion of impact case studies.UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) funding represented 25.64% of funder acknowledgements across all Panels and were key to the success of many ICSs.The ESRC represented 14.42% of all funder acknowledgements in Panel C and the AHRC represented 22.75% in Panel D. These two funders also made contribution to STEM research impact, and numerous mentions are observed in ICSs submitted to Panels A and B. The two SHAPE-relevant Research Councils received 2.36% (ESRC) and 1.26% (AHRC) of the total UKRI budget in 2021.An interactive, data-driven dashboard and enhanced REF 2021 dataset accompany this report (available at shape-impact.co.uk). It brings together the quantitative and qualitative elements of this analysis, including a searchable topic option, division of ICSs by topic clusters, top funde

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