A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan

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In this study, we investigated the detection rate of the hepatitis A virus gene in the enteric pathogens active surveillance network to confirm the efficiency of early recognition to prevent hepatitis A outbreak. Additionally, individual case samples were also investigated to confirm the genotype of the hepatitis A virus prevalent in Busan. A total of 1793 stool and 12 blood samples were collected from the surveillance from 2019 to 2022, and from patients and carriers with hepatitis A in 2022, respectively. Genes specific to the hepatitis A virus were detected using polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the genotypes were confirmed through sequencing. Hepatitis A-specific genes were detected in one stool sample and five blood samples, with detection rates of 0.06% and 41.7%, respectively. Among these six samples, the genotypic analysis revealed the presence of the three subtypes IA (three), IIIA (two), and IB (one). Hence, in accordance with the domestic genotype pattern, genotypes I and III were found to be prevalent in Busan. The detection rate of the hepatitis A virus through laboratory surveillance was low, making laboratory surveillance less efficient for detecting target pathogens. However, the epidemic could be effectively analyzed using the samples collected from the patients. Therefore, to prevent and establish countermeasures to the spread of the hepatitis A virus in Busan, it is necessary to analyze not only the circulating genotypes by establishing a laboratory network with hospitals but also the data related to the clinical symptoms and accumulated scientific evidence.

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