Artificial sweeteners in surface waters from Asian, African and Middle Eastern countries: Utility as molecular markers and water pollution status in 2010–2019
Rattachement africain : sk, jp, ph, id, Ghana, Kenya, Afrique du Sud, Mozambique, us, vn, my, fr, in, ir. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.
Le résumé fourni par la source
To explore the utility of artificial sweeteners (Acesulfame: ACE; sucralose: SUC; saccharin: SAC; cyclamate: CYC) as molecular markers and to establish a historical benchmark of the water pollution status in the 2010 decade, 272 surface water samples, including river water, sewage, and livestock wastewater, were collected from African (Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa), Asian (Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia, India, and Japan) and Middle Eastern (Iran and Lebanon) countries during 2010–2019 and were analyzed for the artificial sweeteners by high performance liquid chromatograph with tandem mass spectrometer coupled with online solid-phase extractor. ACE was most frequently detected (87% of the samples) due to its widespread use and lower detection limit (2 ng/L). SUC was less frequently detected (51%) because of its lower sensitivity and detection limit of 100 ng/L, and less widespread use in some low-income countries, probably due to its higher price. SAC and/or CYC were abundant in surface waters of most countries, despite their biodegradable nature. This was ascribed to intensive usage of SAC and CYC and extensive inputs of untreated sewage to rivers due to limited installation of sewage treatment systems. Concentrations of the sweeteners were higher in urbanized rivers (~1 μg/L to ~100 μg/L) than those in corresponding suburban and rural sites, reflecting spatial patterns of sewage inputs. Furthermore, concentrations of the sweeteners were positively correlated with those of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) for all countries except Malaysia. These results confirm the utility of artificial sweeteners as indicators of sewage inputs. SAC and CYC could be indicators of untreated sewage inputs. ACE has proved to be the most sensitive and reliable marker to assess inputs of sewage, i.e., both treated and untreated, to surface waters. However, ACE concentrations in secondary effluents and receiving waters in Tokyo decreased two orders of magnitude from 2011 to 2019, while sucralose did not show such a marked decrease. This is probably due to the upgrading of activated sludge treatment, i.e., introducing anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) treatment and resultant higher removal of ACE. Therefore, the measurement of multiple markers, including SUC, is recommended for long-term monitoring.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Artificial sweeteners in surface waters from Asian, African and Middle Eastern countries: Utility as molecular markers and water pollution status in 2010–2019
- Date Crossref
- 01/01/2024
- Éditeur
- Japan Society for Environmental Chemistry
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Ehime University Center for Marine Environmental Studies pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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University of the Philippines Diliman Natural Sciences Research Institute pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Lampung University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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University of Ghana Ghana (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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University of Nairobi Department of Land Resource Management & University of Nairobi, Kenya (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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University of Zululand Department of Zoology and CRUZ Afrique du Sud (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Afrique du Sud (code pays fourni par la source)Organisme public
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Nelson Mandela University Afrique du Sud (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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Eduardo Mondlane University Mozambique (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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Quality Research pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry — Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology et Center for Marine Environmental Studies — Ehime University, avec 9 autres affiliations. Pays d’affiliation : Ghana, Kenya, Afrique du Sud, Mozambique.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.