Cationic peptides as promising compounds for the treatment of bacterial complications in atopic dermatitis: Antibacterial activity assessment

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BACKGROUND: The decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics against the background of resistance of microorganisms aggravates the therapy of atopic dermatitis complicated by bacterial infection and actualizes the development of new antimicrobial agents. AIM: To develop, synthesize, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of cationic peptides and an aqueous solution of fullerene C60 to create drugs based on them that will have a spectrum of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antibacterial activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed the developed linear and dendrimer cationic peptides, whose structure was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. An aqueous solution of fullerene C60 was obtained using a uniquely developed and patented technology. Antibacterial activity was assessed by diffusion into agar using disks (screening) and serial dilution, which was used to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration of the studied compounds. RESULTS: Moreover, 42 cationic peptides with various structures were developed and synthesized. The molecular weight of the peptides did not exceed 5,000 Da. They contained 7–25 amino acids with charges from +5 to +16. Screening was carried out through diffusion into agar using disks and revealed 15 peptides that showed activity against Escherichia coli Dh5a. Thus, using the method of counting colonies, the peptides AB-14, AB-17, and AB-18 showed bactericidal activity relative to E. coli Dh5a in concentrations of 0.03, 0.15, and 0.74 mM, respectively, which exceeded that of ampicillin (0.74 mM) several times. Analysis of an aqueous solution of fullerene C60 did not reveal its antibacterial activity. CONCLUSIONS: The antibacterial activity of the resulting peptides makes them promising for the development of antibacterial therapeutic agents.

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