Chemical Constituents and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Fixed Oils from Different Parts of Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume

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Background and Objective: Fixed oils used in traditional therapies also called volatile oils are generally aromatic oils obtained by the steam or hydrodistillation of plants. Different parts of plants have been used to obtain fixed oils. This study estimates the chemical constituents and in vitro antibacterial activity of fixed oils extracted by petroleum ether from the leaves, roots, stems and fruit part of Bridelia stipularis (L.). Materials and Methods: The natural fatty acids were extracted from different parts of B. stipularis by using petroleum ether. The fixed oils were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry. The antibacterial test was carried out by the agar disc diffusion method. A Student's t-test was computed for the statistical significance of the results. Results: It showed 10 compounds from the leaf and 5 compounds from the stem. In both cases, the major components were methyl decanoate 93.56 and 74.98%, respectively. From the root parts, 6 compounds were identified in which the major compound was methyl linolelaidate (36.86%). Two compounds were identified from the fruit part and the major portion was methyl pentadecanoate (98.20%). The in vitro antibacterial potentials of the oils were tested against four pathogenic bacteria. Among the four fixed oils, the stem, leaf and root showed the strongest activity against E. coli (30, 21 and 15 mm). On the other hand, fruit fixed oil showed the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus cereus (25 mm). Conclusion: The fixed oils of B. stipularis plant have the potential to be applied as an antibacterial agent, which can be selected for further analysis and can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals that address unmet therapeutic needs.

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