Determining the Verisimilitude of Competing Theoretical Explanations in Letter Case Processing and the Prevention of Type III and IV Errors in Experimental Psychology

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The aim of this thesis was twofold.First, a cognitive experiment was conducted to determine which hypothesis explained the letter case processing of words best.N = 173 university students were recruited to participate in a word/non-word lexical decision study, which followed a 2 (case type: lowercase or uppercase) × 2 (attentive state: focused or mind-wandering) × 3 (orthographic neighbourhood size (N): zero, low, or high) repeated measures design.The effects of this design's model were examined in two multiverse analyses to account for different model, measurement, covariate, and participant exclusion decisions that may impact the results of the study.A significant interaction between case type and N was found across specifications in both multiverses.From this finding, it was concluded that the case invariance hypothesis stands its ground, but that its auxiliary assumptions are put into question.Second, the current work attempted to propose a method for operationalizing Type III and IV errors to determine how they can be prevented in practice.It was found that operationalization would not be possible without adequate classification of error kinds.Hence, a provisional class distinction was proposed in the current work, from which the function of error prevention was introduced with an example from the current study.

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