Sulfobetaine methacrylate-coated reduced graphene oxide-IR780 hybrid nanosystems for effective cancer photothermal-photodynamic therapy

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Nanomaterials with near infrared light absorption can mediate an antitumoral photothermal-photodynamic response that is weakly affected by cancer cells' resistance mechanisms. Such nanosystems are commonly prepared by loading photosensitizers into nanomaterials displaying photothermal capacity, followed by functionalization to achieve biological compatibility. However, the translation of these multifunctional nanomaterials has been limited by the fact that many of the photosensitizers are not responsive to near infrared light. Furthermore, the reliance on poly(ethylene glycol) for functionalizing the nanomaterials is also not ideal due to some immunogenicity reports. Herein, a novel photoeffective near infrared light-responsive nanosystem for cancer photothermal-photodynamic therapy was assembled. For such, dopamine-reduced graphene oxide was, for the first time, functionalized with sulfobetaine methacrylate-brushes, and then loaded with IR780 (IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO). This hybrid system revealed a nanometric size distribution, optimal surface charge and colloidal stability. The interaction of IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO with near infrared light prompted a temperature increase (photothermal effect) and production of singlet oxygen (photodynamic effect). In in vitro studies, the IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO per se did not elicit cytotoxicity (viability > 78 %). In contrast, the combination of IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO with near infrared light decreased breast cancer cells' viability to just 21 %, at a very low nanomaterial dose, highlighting its potential for cancer photothermal-photodynamic therapy.

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