Detection of qnr Genes That Mediate Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacilli in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

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The public health threat of antimicrobial resistance remains a major challenge that keeps expanding as a result of the continuous dissemination of mobile genetic elements that mediate resistance among bacteria species. This study aimed to detect genetic determinants (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and qnrVC genes) that mediate fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacilli in Côte d'Ivoire. A total of 30 strains were characterized by biochemical tests and their identity was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the agar diffusion method and the detection of qnr genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen (57.7%) of the Enterobacteriaceae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Susceptibility testing revealed resistance rates of 76.7%, 93.3%, 83.3%, and 65.2% for nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin respectively. Detection of fluoroquinolone resistance genes showed the presence of qnrD (36.7%), qnrB (36.7%), qnrS (13.3%), and qnrA (6.7%). This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of the qnrD gene in some Gram-negative bacilli in Côte d'Ivoire.

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