Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Broad Spectrum Antibiotics Consumption in the Intensive Care Setting

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Background and objectives: Antibiotics are the most commonly exploited agents in intensive care units.An antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) helps in the optimal utilization of antibiotics and prevents the development of antibiotic resistance.The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ASP on broad-spectrum antibiotic consumption in terms of defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT) before and after the implementation of an ASP.Materials and methods: It was a prospective, quasi-experimental, pre-and post-study.Group A consisted of 5 months of ASP data, ASP activities were implemented during the next 2 months and continued.Group B (post-ASP) data was collected for the next 5 months.Total and individual DDDs and DOTs of broad-spectrum antibiotics utilized were compared between group A and group B. Results: Total DDDs used per 100 patient bed days were reduced by 18.72% post-ASP implementation (103.46 to 84.09 grams).The total DOT per 100 patient bed days used was 90.91 vs 71.25 days (21.62% reduction).As per the WHO classification of antibiotics use, the watch category (43.4% vs 43.04%) as well as reserve category (56.6% vs 56.97%) used between the two groups were found similar.The average length of stay (8.9 ± 2 days) after ASP was found significantly lesser than baseline (10.8 ± 3.4 days) (p < 0.05), however, there was no significant change in mortality between the two groups.Conclusion: Antimicrobial stewardship program implementation may reduce overall antibiotic consumption both in terms of DDD and DOT.

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