Intracerebral Transplantation of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Chronic Ischemic Stroke

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Abstract While treatments exist for the acute phase of stroke, there are limited options for patients with chronic infarcts and long-term disability. Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (alloMSCs) show promise for the treatment of stroke soon after ischemic injury. There is, however, no information on the use of a) autologous MSCs (autoMSCs), b) delivered via intracerebral transplantation c) in rats with a chronic infarct. In this study, rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce stroke followed by bone marrow aspiration and MSC expansion in a closed bioreactor. Four weeks later, brain MRI was obtained and autoMSCs (1x106, 2.5x106 or 5x106; n = 6 each) were stereotactically injected into the peri-infarct and compared to controls (MCAO only; MCAO + PBS; n = 6–9). Behavior was assessed using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). For comparison, an additional cohort of MCAO rats were implanted with 2.5x106 alloMSCs generated from a healthy rat. At all doses of autoMSCs, sensorimotor function significantly improved by over 64% 60 days later while alloMSCs improved only 29.2%, similar to that in PBS control animals. Quantum dot labeled auto/alloMSCs were found exclusively at the implantation site throughout the post-transplantation period with no tumor formation on MRI or Ki67 staining in engrafted MSCs. Small differences in stroke volume and no differences in corpus callosum width were observed after MSC treatment. Stroke-induced glial reactivity in the peri-infarct was long-lasting and unabated by auto/alloMSC transplantation. These studies suggest that intracerebral transplantation of autoMSCs, but not alloMSCs, may be a more promising treatment in chronic stroke.

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