Editorial: Opioids and opioid-use disorders

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Editorial on the Research Topic Opioids and opioid-use disordersOpioid analgesics are the mainstay of pain management.However, their acute or chronic use leads to side effects, such as respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance and opioid use disorders, representing major public health and socioeconomic issues.In this Research Topic, "Opioids and Opioid-Use Disorders: Novel Approaches and Therapeutics," we have compiled a Research Topic of research articles authored by leading experts in the fields of pharmacology, neuroscience, and addiction research.By harnessing a wide range of methodologies, spanning from in vivo animal models to in vitro molecular approaches, authors provide scientifically sound evidence in the evaluation of novel opioids and potential pharmacotherapeutic tools for the treatment and prevention of opioid use disorders.Morphine and other addictive drugs may exert simultaneous reward and aversion and the tag of war between these two effects leads to drug use and misuse or avoidance, this is based on the paradoxical effect hypothesis of abused drugs.Ou et al. measured c-fos, as a marker of neuronal activity, following administration of different doses of morphine in rats using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and conditioned place preference (CPP).Then, by using a correlation and network analysis strategy they revealed: 1) in the CTA procedure an association between prelimbic cortex (PrL) and (infralimbic cortex (IL) with NAc core following low doses of morphine.Notably, the authors also observed an association between PrL and IL with NAc shell following higher doses of morphine; 2) in the CPP procedure, an association between PrL and NAc core and shell at low doses of morphine.Again, the authors observed an association between IL and BLA and NAc shell with higher doses of morphine.These results suggest the recruitment of different neuronal projections between cortical and accumbal subregions and BLA after different doses of morphine and the balance between these connections may favor drug use vs. avoidance and result in continued use.Haggerty et al. investigated in mice the impact of prenatal methadone exposure (PME) on the brain and behavioral development of neonates.The study revealed that PME altered the proteome and phosphoproteome of the primary motor cortex (M1) and other connected brain regions, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), dorsolateral striatum (DLS),

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