Uptake of selected antiretrovirals by pepper (Capsicum annum), radish (Raphanus sativus), and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown on two contrasting soils and fertilized with human urine-derived fertilizers
Rattachement africain : Afrique du Sud. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.
Le résumé fourni par la source
The use of urine-derived fertilizers has several economic and environmental advantages. However, there is concern that pharmaceutical residues present in urine could enter the food chain after plant uptake and pose potential risks to human and animal health. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the uptake of nine target antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) by pepper (Capsicum annum), ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and radish (Raphanus sativus) grown in two soils of contrasting texture and organic matter content and fertilized with stored urine, nitrified urine concentrate (NUC), and struvite. Nevirapine was the only ARVD detected in crops grown with NUC and struvite on both soils, but the concentrations were below the limit of quantification. Plants fertilized with stored urine absorbed lamivudine, ritonavir, stavudine, emtricitabine, nevirapine, and didanosine, while abacavir, efavirenz and zidovudine were not detected. The ARVDs detected in the soils after harvest were significantly higher in the soil with high organic matter and clay content. To assess direct human exposure the estimated daily dietary intake (DDI) of ARVDs by consumption of the pepper and radish fertilized with stored urine was compared with the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) values based on the Cramer classification tree. The calculated DDI values for all ARVDs were about 300-3000 times lower than the TTC values for class III compounds. Therefore, daily consumption of these crops fertilized with stored urine does not pose a health risk to the consumer. Future research is required to assess the impact of ARVD metabolites, which may be more harmful to human health than the parent compounds.
Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.
Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Uptake of selected antiretrovirals by pepper (Capsicum annum), radish (Raphanus sativus), and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown on two contrasting soils and fertilized with human urine-derived fertilizers
- Date Crossref
- 01/09/2023
- Éditeur
- Elsevier BV
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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University of KwaZulu-Natal University of KwaZulu-Natal, Afrique du Sud (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Afrique du Sud (code pays fourni par la source)Structure de recherche
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School of Agricultural Crop Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Afrique du Sud (pays nommé en fin d’affiliation)Université ou école supérieure
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School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal, Afrique du Sud (pays nommé en fin d’affiliation)Université ou école supérieure
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School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Afrique du Sud (pays nommé en fin d’affiliation)Université ou école supérieure
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Residue Laboratory Pretoria, Afrique du Sud (pays nommé en fin d’affiliation)Structure de recherche
University of KwaZulu-Natal (University of KwaZulu-Natal, Afrique du Sud), Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (Afrique du Sud) et Crop Science — School of Agricultural (University of KwaZulu-Natal, Afrique du Sud), avec 3 autres affiliations. Pays d’affiliation : Afrique du Sud.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.