SEROPREVALENCE OF AND RISK FACTORS OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER AND Q FEVER IN DOMESTIC RUMINANTS OF BANGLADESH

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Intro: Rift valley fever (RVF) and Q fever are vector-borne zoonotic diseases affecting both humans and many animal species, and are responsible for a high rate of abortion in infected domestic ruminants.Although animals are the main source of RVF and Q fever outbreaks in humans globally, the disease remains underestimated in Bangladesh.In order to fill this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of RVF and Q fever and to identify the potential risk factors associated with their infection in domestic ruminants in Bangladesh.Methods: We collected 568 blood samples from camels (n = 36), cattle (n = 56), sheep (n = 357), and goats (n = 119) from three districts in Bangladesh between 2017 and 2018.We administered a pre-tested questionnaire during sample collection.We tested serum samples using a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to detect RVF and G fever specific immunoglobulin (IgG).Findings: The overall seroprevalence of Q fever was 8.45% (n = 48; 95% CI: 06.3-11.0),comprising of camel-16.67%,goats-10.08%,sheep-7.84%,and cattle-3.57%.Seroprevalence was higher in adults (n = 45; 10.3%), fair body condition (n = 6; 19.35%), and animals fed on a zero-grazing system (n = 43; 11.23%).In a multivariable logistic regression model, animal species and body condition score were significantly associated with Q fever seroprevalence (p < 0.05).Antibodies against RVF were not detected in any of the sera tested.Conclusion: This study revealed the evidence of Q fever antibodies in domestic ruminants of Bangladesh.Although the data findings do not provide any RFV serological evidence in the studied population, the probability of the introduction of exotic arbovirus in Bangladesh cannot be ignored, and further studies should be continued in livestock and vector populations for the risk of the emergence of new vector-borne viruses in non-endemic countries.

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