Systematic Improvements in Transmon Qubit Coherence Enabled by Niobium Surface Encapsulation
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Le résumé fourni par la source
We present a novel transmon qubit fabrication technique that yields systematic improvements in T$_1$ relaxation times. We fabricate devices using an encapsulation strategy that involves passivating the surface of niobium and thereby preventing the formation of its lossy surface oxide. By maintaining the same superconducting metal and only varying the surface structure, this comparative investigation examining different capping materials, such as tantalum, aluminum, titanium nitride, and gold, and film substrates across different qubit foundries definitively demonstrates the detrimental impact that niobium oxides have on the coherence times of superconducting qubits, compared to native oxides of tantalum, aluminum or titanium nitride. Our surface-encapsulated niobium qubit devices exhibit T$_1$ relaxation times 2 to 5 times longer than baseline niobium qubit devices with native niobium oxides. When capping niobium with tantalum, we obtain median qubit lifetimes above 300 microseconds, with maximum values up to 600 microseconds, that represent the highest lifetimes to date for superconducting qubits prepared on both sapphire and silicon. Our comparative structural and chemical analysis suggests why amorphous niobium oxides may induce higher losses compared to other amorphous oxides. These results are in line with high-accuracy measurements of the niobium oxide loss tangent obtained with ultra-high Q superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities. This new surface encapsulation strategy enables even further reduction of dielectric losses via passivation with ambient-stable materials, while preserving fabrication and scalable manufacturability thanks to the compatibility with silicon processes.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
Où se fait cette recherche
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ) Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Rigetti Computing (United States) pays non établi dans la noticeEntreprise
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Ames National Laboratory pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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National Institute of Standards and Technology pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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Northwestern University ) Department of Materials Science and Engineering pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Illinois Institute of Technology ) Department of Physics pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Louisiana State University ) Hearne Institute of Theoretical Physics pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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) Rigetti Computing pays non établi dans la noticeInstitution
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) Ames Laboratory pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
) Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division — Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Rigetti Computing (United States) et Ames National Laboratory, avec 6 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.