Alkamides as Metabolites in Plants

Résumé fourni par la source

Alkamides are natural bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from a variety of plant species widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Alkamides have an extensive range of medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, insecticidal, analgesic, antioxidant, and many more. There are two main alkamide metabolite categories based on their biosynthesis source and functional groups. Five known plant families, including Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Menispermaceae, and Rutaceae, are further sub-distributed in more than 11 genera world wide and have presented approximately 45 species and a few sub-species. These families contain approximately 255 aliphatic and 104 aromatic natural alkamides isolated by different methods. A variety of alkamide compounds are used in a variety of pharmacological applications. The chemistry of these compounds has a basic molecular composition that contains the saturated or unsaturated (either double- or triple-bond) fatty chain of varying carbon lengths, along with aliphatic, cyclic, or aromatic amine moieties. The alkamides like capsaicinoids, sulphur-containing glycosmis, and an acidic core containing aromatic piperine are very important categories of compounds pharmacologically, and their properties can be differentiated based on their structural relationship, types of tissues from different parts of the plant, and species. This chapter highlights the updated available information on these metabolites and their distribution pattern, chemistry, and role in plant defense response to showcase the structural relationship and medicinal importance.

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