Optimization of operating parameters in extraction of essential oils from Lavandula angustifolia flowers by microwave assisted steam distillation

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The aim of the study to optimize the operating parameters on the yield, composition, time and kinetics in extraction of essential oils from different Lavandula angustifolia flowers by microwave assisted steam distillation (MSD) in comparison to conventional steam distillation (SD). A preliminary study allowed for the determination of the most influential operating factors, namely water vapor flow rate and microwave heating power. The yield obtained by MSD was comparable to that obtained by SD, while the extraction time was considerably reduced with 6 min for MSD compared to 30 min for SD. Optimization of the operating parameters was assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal treatment conditions obtained were: 8 gmin -1 for the steam flow rate, 500 W for the microwave power and 6 min for the extraction time. The main compounds identified in the different lavender essential oils extracted by MSD chosen as the variables in a multivariate study. A composite centered design based on a response surface methodology was investigated for each major constituent found in the oils. The results showed that the chemical composition of the lavender essential oil was strongly influenced by the MSD operating conditions. The choice of particular operating parameters will allow for extraction of a specific compound.