Verapamil-Sensitive Electrodes: Main Factors Responsible for Analytical Performance and Use in Drug Analysis

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Abstract It has been established that the correct choice of the plasticizer and the measurement conditions makes it possible to achieve better analytical characteristics of verapamil-sensitive electrodes based on commercially available components in comparison with the best described in the literature. Particularly, the effect of pH on the verapamil-sensitive electrodes response was found to manifest itself in much more acidic media than might be expected from protolytic equilibrium and is due to the non-exchangeable extraction of verapamil into the membrane phase. The best parameters of selectivity, lower detection limit (4 × 10−8 M), and potential reproducibility (0.15–0.22 mV) are achieved when using ortho-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a plasticizer and creating conditions that exclude non-exchangeable extraction of verapamil into the membrane. The proposed methods for the determination of verapamil in dosage forms are characterized by simplicity, rapidity, and high metrological characteristics.

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