An Observation Of Stress And Physical Activity Related Variables Measured By Smartwatch And Goal Orientation In Exercise During The Covid-19 Pandemic

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PURPOSE: Research utilizing goal orientations in physical activity has consistently found that task orientation (i.e., self-referenced personal definition of success based on personal effort and improvement) is associated with adaptive psychological responses (Biddle, et al., 2003). Last year, in response to risks associated with lack of exercise due to quarantining, the EIM: Exercise Is Medicine (ACSM, 2020) made a statement and encouraged all individuals to be physically active, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we observed and analyzed relationships among individuals’ goal orientations in exercise and smartwatch measured variables: stress (STRS), resting heart rate (RHR), steps (STP), body battery (BB) (Garmin USA ®), and intensity minutes of moderate exercise (IMME) for a week. METHODS: 16 college students (Age Mean = 20.75, Female = 68.8%) volunteered to complete a survey concerning their goal orientations and wear smartwatch for a week. Reliability coefficients were as follows: task orientation (TO; α = .73) and ego orientation (EO; α = .71) were acceptable. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were computed for all the variables. RESULTS: Participants reported high TO (M = 4.61 ± 0.38) and relatively low EO (M = 2.51 ± 0.93). In addition, results from smartwatch measured variables indicated relatively low STRS (M = 33.72 ± 9.65), average RHR (M = 61.54 ± 9.49), relatively high number of STPs (M = 7494.74 ± 3406.05), moderate BB (M = 47.62 ± 16.70), and few IMME (M = 30.36 ± 22.31). Significant correlations were found in between: 1. TO and IMME (τb = .50), BB (τb = .61), STRS (τb = -.44), and STP (τb = .63), 2. RHR and BB (r = -.79), STRS (r = .77), and STP (r = -.67), and 3. STP and BB (r = .88), and STRS (r = -.77). Kendall’s coefficients of rank correlation tau-sub-b (τb) were computed to account for ordinal and continuous variables. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, results indicate that TO played a pivotal role for participants’ higher physical activity engagement, which were related to lower STRS and higher BB during the observation period that were in the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should strive to recruit more participants as well as greater longitudinal observation. Strategies to promote task orientation in physical activity will be shared at the conference.

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