Disturbed sleep and its attribution to stress and other causes: A population‐based survey

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This study explores the prevalence of attributed causes of disturbed sleep and the association between stress‐disturbed sleep and age, sex, and sleep duration on weekdays as well as weekends in a representative sample. A nationally representative sample (n = 1,128, response rate 72.8%), stratified for sex and age, completed a computer‐assisted phone survey that included questions about sleep disturbances and attributed causes. Stress was the main attributed cause of sleep disturbance (35.1%), most frequently attributed by younger women (χ2 = 26.5, p < 0.001). Prevalence of stress‐disturbed sleep was higher with lower age (B = −0.05, odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, CI = 0.91, 0.98). There was a trend, however, toward a significant interaction between age and sex, with women in the older age‐groups more frequently reporting stress‐disturbed sleep than older men (B = −0.02, OR = 1.022, CI = 1.003, 1.042). Weekday sleep duration decreased with increased stress‐disturbed sleep, with an inverse relationship on weekends except for those reporting stress‐disturbed sleep more than 5 days per week (F = 10.5, p < 0.001), who also had the shortest weekend sleep duration. Sleep disturbances were commonly attributed to stress, and more strongly so in women younger than 46 years. Stress‐disturbed sleep during weekdays seems to be potentially compensated for with extended sleep on weekends, except for those with continuous stress‐disturbed sleep.

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