Habitat diversity and peat moss cover drive the occurrence probability of the threatened ground beetle Carabus menetriesi (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a Bavarian mire

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Abstract Within the Natura 2000 network, there is a legal imperative to protect endangered species. A lack of knowledge about habitat requirements for these species undermines the ability to make informed decisions about appropriate conservation measures, especially for isolated populations that may have developed habitat preferences specific to their region.Carabus menetriesiis an endangered ground beetle found in Europe and warrants protection under EU law. We collected occupancy data ofC. menetriesiusing live pitfall traps over two seasons in 2016 and 2018 at a protected nature reserve in southern Bavaria, Germany. Here, we present the results of a patch-occupancy modeling approach to determine habitat preferences forC. menetriesiat this site. Our model shows that increasingSphagnumcover and habitat diversity led to higher occupancy levels forC. menetriesiat this site, while tree cover was negatively correlated with occupancy, but increased the detectability of the species. Implications for insect conservation Measures for protecting theC. menetriesipopulation at the study site were taken in accordance with our results. Areas with high tree cover were thinned at several sites, although the success of this measure has yet to be determined. Our findings about habitat diversity suggest that expansion of low intensity grazing in the area, a measure that was suggested as a result of our survey and is currently in process of implementation, might benefit the species. Whether our results can be transferred toC. menetriesipopulations in different habitats remains to be investigated, however, our methodological approach with regard to both the data collection and analysis can be used to assess other populations and provide important information about relevant habitat parameters for that population. This will allow conservation managers to make well-informed decisions about conservingC. menetriesi,or indeed other similar carabid species with isolated populations.

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