Life-Threatening Sinonasal Invasive Aspergillosis Easily Misdiagnosed

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Background and Objectives Invasive fungal sinusitis is extremely rare. Yet the consequences of this infection may be fatal if not diagnosed correctly at an early stage. We discuss three cases of Aspergillosis sphenoid sinusitis that were misdiagnosed and have led to fatal consequences.Subjects and Method This is a retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed as invasive fungal sinusitis of sphenoid sinus.Results All three cases were of men who had immunocompromised medical histories that included leukemia and diabetes mellitus. The patients presented symptoms that included fever, chronic headache, weakness on one side, and facial edema. In the first case, CT showed no suspicious lesions that indicated fungal infection. However, five days after being prescribed antibiotics, the patient suffered obstruction of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and right cavernous sinus. In the second case, CT showed total obstruction in the left ICA and a soft tissue mass in the left sphenoid sinus that extended and involved the left cavernous sinus. In the last case, CT showed soft density progression in the right sphenoid sinus with bone erosion when compared to images taken eight days earlier. In each of these cases, we performed emergency endoscopic sinus surgery. One case was confirmed to be invasive aspergillosis by histology whereas the other two cases were suspected to be invasive aspergillosis based on their past medical histories, clinical findings and image studies.Conclusion Clinicians must take great care to rule out invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with sinusitis.

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