Variation in Cellulase Production During Solid and Submerged State Fermentation of Raw and Processed Canola Meal by Aureobasidium Pullulans, Neurospora Crassa, and Trichoderma Reesei

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Justification: Canola meal (CM) is a protein rich co-product of canola oil extraction process, and its use is restricted to animal diet due to the presence of high fibers and antinutritional factors (ANFs) such as glucosinolates and phytic acids. As attempts to provide canola meal with low ANFs and fibers, traditional sprouting process of canola seed followed by sprout defatting and mild washing water pretreatment of hexane extracted CM were applied. The obtained canola sprout meal (CSM) and washed hexane extracted canola meal (WHECM) along with raw hexane extracted canola meal (HECM) underwent submerged and solid-state fermentation. It was noticed that used fungi yielded different outcomes in terms of fiber and ANFs reduction. The objective of this this study was to evaluate the activities of enzymes (cellulase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase) produced by three fungal strains (Aureobasidium pullulans, Neurospora crassa and Trichoderma reesei) cultivated on three differently processed canola substrates (CSM, WHECM and HECM) during solid- and submerged- state fermentations using mono and coculture inoculation. Our results showed that cellulase, β-glucosidase and endoglucanase activity significantly varied based on substrate used, mode of fermentation (solid/submerged) and inoculation type (mono/co) even under same strain, highlighting the effect of pre-processed meals, and fermentation conditions on the overall fungal enzymatic activities and their impact on the nutritional composition of the substrate/products.

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