Establishing causal relationships between sleep and adiposity traits using Mendelian randomisation

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ABSTRACT Objective To systematically evaluate the direction of any potential causal effect between sleep and adiposity traits. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess the association of genetically predicted sleep traits on adiposity and vice versa. Using data from UK Biobank and 23andme, the sleep traits explored were morning-preference (chronotype) (N=697,828), insomnia (N=1,331,010), sleep duration (N=446, 118), napping (N=452,633) and daytime-sleepiness (N=452,071). Using data from the GIANT and EGG consortia, the adiposity traits explored were adult BMI, hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (N=322,154) and child-BMI (N=35,668). Results We found evidence that insomnia symptoms increased mean WC, BMI and WHR (difference in means WC=0.39 SD (95% CI=0.13, 0.64), BMI=0.47 SD (0.22, 0.73) and WHR=0.34 SD (0.16, 0.52)). Napping increased mean WHR (0.23 SD (0.08, 0.39). Higher HC, WC, and adult-BMI increased odds of daytime-sleepiness (HC=0.02 SD (0.01, 0.04), WC=0.04 SD (0.01, 0.06) and BMI 0.02 SD (0.00, 0.04), respectively). We also found that higher mean child-BMI resulted in lower odds of napping (−0.01 SD (0.02, 0.00). Conclusions The effects of insomnia on adiposity, and adiposity on daytime-sleepiness, suggest that poor sleep and weight gain may contribute to a feedback loop that could be detrimental to overall health.

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