Genetic Diversity of CMV and ToMV Isolates in Tomato and Pepper Production Areas in Hakkari, Turkey

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Abstract Background Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum anuum L.) are the host species for the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). This article aims to report the detection of serolocigally and molecularly and identification of genetic diversity these viruses in Hakkari province, Turkey.Methods and results A total of 184 leaf samples were collected from tomato and pepper plants that showed virus-like symptoms. Sample collection was carried out in Hakkari province in October, 2020. CMV and ToMV factors were investigated by Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). DAS-ELISA test showed that 106 (57.60%) of the samples were infected with one or more viruses. For phylogenetic analyses, 10 samples which were positive for CMV and ToMV were tested using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. Coat protein (CP) and replicase genes of Hakkari CMV and ToMV isolates were amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers. The resulting DNA sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos: OM286731, OM286732, OM286733, OM286734, OM418629). When the replicase and coat protein gene sequences of four ToMV isolates and one CMV isolate were compared with the isolates in GenBank, a nucleotide homology of 98.1-99.6% and 91.7-99.4% were found, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong similarity between Hakkari ToMV and CMV isolates and other Turkish isolates. Consistent with the molecular studies conducted in Turkey on CMV and ToMV, the isolates detected in this study also clustered in subgroup Ia. Conclusions With this study, CMV and ToMV factors were serologically and molecularly detected for the first time in Hakkari and the first nation-wide report for ToMV replicase sequences in infected tomato and peppers were submitted.

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