Prevalence and factors associated with obesity and overweight among primary schoolchildren in three municipalities of Conakry, Guinea: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract Background Childhood obesity is a growing phenomenon in the world. Few studies have been conducted to investigate its risk factors in Guinea. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and to identify their associated factors among primary schoolchildren of Conakry city, Guinea. Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2016 among the 5th grade primary schoolchildren from three municipalities (communes) of Conakry (capital city), Guinea. Children were selected by using the multi-stage random sampling. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors with obesity and overweight. Results The prevalence of obesity was 2.5% (95% CI: 1.9–3.1) and of overweightness was 9.0% (95% CI: 7.9–10.3). Female gender (AOR = 1.78, p = 0.04), non-consumption of fruits (AOR = 2.38, p = 0.005) and traveling to school in car or bus (AOR = 2.26, p = 0,005) were risk the factors of obesity. Multivariate analysis also showed that students of Matoto primary schools (AOR = 1.68, p = 0.003), girls (AOR = 1.36, p = 0.003), children who go to school by car or bus (AOR = 3.40, p = 0.001), those who make between 15–30 minutes go to school (AOR = 8.36, p = 0.03), and children with sedentary lifestyle (i.e. spending their free time watching TV) (AOR = 1.66, p = 0.04) were independently associated with being overweight. Conclusions Obesity and overweightness are frequent in primary schools of Conakry. This study suggests the need to develop prevention programs and policies focused on the monitoring of individual and collective nutritional status and early detection of obesity or overweightness among pupils, to contribute to the prevention of the occurrence of future chronic diseases in the Guinean population (diabetes, arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular accidents, etc.), which are in full expansion alongside epidemic communicable diseases.

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