Erratum: APOPHIS – effects of the 2029 Earth’s encounter on the surface and nearby dynamics

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This is an erratum to the paper ‘APOPHIS – effects of the 2029 Earth’s encounter on the surface and nearby dynamics’ published in MNRAS, 510, 95–109 (2022). The instability of the ejected particles caused by the passage close to the Earth in 2029 was underestimated due to a misimplementation of a loop in the routine that calculate the energy. This has a moderate impact in the original figs 13 and 15, and in the statistics of survived and ejected particles. Original fig. 13 should be replaced by Fig. 1 and original fig. 15 by Fig. 2, the statistics should be replaced as followed. Initial conditions of the 15 thousand particles around the equilibrium points of the asteroid Apophis in the 2029 approach in the xoy plane. The green dots represent the equilibrium points. The black dots represent the particles that survived after the 24 h of integration and the blue and pink dots the particles that collide and ejected, respectively, with the asteroid. The letters (a)–(c), (d)–(f), and (g)–(i) represent, respectively, the densities of 1.29 g cm−3, 2.2 g cm−3, and 3.5 g cm−3. Initial conditions of the 15 thousand particles around the equilibrium points of the asteroid Apophis in the 2029 approach in the xoy plane. The green dots represent the equilibrium points. The black dots represent the particles that survived after the 24 h of integration and the blue and pink dots the particles that collide and ejected, respectively, with the asteroid. The letters (a)–(c), (d)–(f), and (g)–(i) represent, respectively, the densities of 1.29 g cm−3, 2.2 g cm−3, and 3.5 g cm−3. Initial conditions of the 15 thousand particles of the expanded ring in the 2029 approach in the xoy plane. The green dots represent the equilibrium points. The black dots represent the particles that survived after the 24 hours of integration and the blue and pink dots the particles that collided with the asteroid and were ejected, respectively. The letters (a)–(c) represent, respectively, the densities of 1.29 g cm−3, 2.2 g cm−3, and 3.5 g cm−3. Initial conditions of the 15 thousand particles of the expanded ring in the 2029 approach in the xoy plane. The green dots represent the equilibrium points. The black dots represent the particles that survived after the 24 hours of integration and the blue and pink dots the particles that collided with the asteroid and were ejected, respectively. The letters (a)–(c) represent, respectively, the densities of 1.29 g cm−3, 2.2 g cm−3, and 3.5 g cm−3. The encounter causes a large change in the Apophis nearby environment as the number of surviving particles decreases approximately 91 per cent and 92 per cent for the smaller and larger model of density, respectively. The ejection of the particles did not occur for the simulation of 24 h without the Earth’s perturbation, however, considering the 2029 approach 77 per cent of the particles were ejected. For the expanded radial distribution about 95.6 per cent and 96.8 per cent of the particles were ejected for the smaller and larger model of density, respectively, being approximately 21–22 per cent of this ejection by the energy criterion for the smaller and larger models. The percentage of survived particles was about 3.6 per cent for the model with the smaller density, while for the larger one was about 2.7 per cent. In essence, at the end of the 24 h simulation for the disc encompassing the equilibrium points, we compute a survival percentage of 7.7 per cent for the larger density model and 8.6 per cent for the smaller one. However, for the expanded disc, the majority of the particles were ejected and just 2.7–3.6 per cent of particles survived. In general, the 2029 approach shows that the Earth perturbation is significant in the nearby environment of Apophis, but a considerable number of particles still remain at the end of the encounter.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.